联邦最低工资指向$15元时薪，将如何影响餐饮业？

近五分之四的餐馆（79.3%）表示将提高菜单价格

根据《餐饮业》在2022年 7月中旬进行的一项调查，近三分之一（29.4%）的餐厅经营者已经支付15美元或以上的时薪。剩下的三分之二的餐饮业雇主中，大多数人不相信传统的餐厅商业模式可以在这个门槛上运作下去。近五分之一的经营者（19.5%）说，他们无法在这种规模的劳动力成本下继续经营。

Photograph by Simon Brubaker

为什么$15元时薪门槛 变得如此具有争议性？

略小的比例（11.8%）表示，如果15美元的时薪标准由联邦立法了，他们会立即考虑关闭。还有不到三分之一的业内人士（29.5%）认为，强制提高到15美元 "会扼杀餐饮业"。

相反，只有10.8%的经营者说，15美元的工资将是一个无足轻重的发展，因为他们已经支付了至少这么多。

受访者指出，如果实行15美元的最低工资，有两个主要的不利影响，一个是即时的，一个是延迟的。首先，绝大多数人（59.3％）说，他们需要全面提高工资，以保持熟练的老手和要求不高的职位的新手之间的差异。这种所谓的棘轮效应将大大扩大对利润的挤压。

其次，近五分之四的餐馆（79.3%）表示，他们将提高菜单价格，以减轻对利润的影响。其他研究表明，价格已经在以令人震惊的速度跳跃。仍然未知的是，随着消费者被压抑的需求得到满足，而其他必需品（如汽油）的成本继续上升，消费者将对这种通货膨胀作出何种反应。

大多数受访者（51.3%）表示他们不反对提高联邦最低工资标准。但反对将其一直提高到时薪15美元。只有10.8%的人说他们认为15美元是一个公平的新工资限额。

如果在你的餐馆所在的地区，最低工资提高到每小时15美元，你会采取以下哪种行动？

33.2% 我会裁员，减少工作岗位

40.5%我会减少雇员工作时间

59.3%我逼迫得再提高目前员工的时薪工资，包括那些时薪已经达到或超过15美元的小时员工，即所谓的棘轮效应

11.8% 我会考虑关闭餐厅

79.3%我会提价，菜单升价

9.4%还不知道怎么办

3.2%  不置可否 /不适用

以下哪项陈述最能反映您的感受，如果在您的餐馆所在地区将最低工资提高到每小时15美元？

10.8%这将是一个非事件 -- 我已经支付了比这更多的钱。

4.7%我完全支持。提高工资将使消费者有更多的钱在我的餐馆消费。

10.8% 每小时15美元是一个公平的工资

51.3%我不反对提高联邦最低工资，但15美元时薪太高了。

19.5%这将扼杀了我的餐馆。

29.5%这会扼杀了整个餐饮业。

3.2%不知道/不适用。

MANY RESTAURANTS ALREADY PAY $15 AN HOUR

Nearly a third (29.4%) ofrestaurant operators already pay $15 an hour or above, according to a surveyconducted in mid-July by RestaurantBusiness.

So why has that pay levelbecome so controversial?

The same survey found thatmany in the remaining two-thirds of employers don’t believe the traditionalrestaurant business model can function at that threshold. Nearly 1 in 5operators (19.5%) said they could not remain in operation with labor costs of thatscale.

A slightly smaller percentage(11.8%) indicated that they would immediately consider closing if a $15 wagewas enacted. And just under a third of the industry (29.5%) believes a mandatedhike to $15 “would kill the restaurant industry.”

Conversely, only 10.8% ofoperators say a $15 wage would be a ho-hum development because they already payat least that much

Respondents cited two majorill effects if a $15 minimum wage is imposed, one immediate and one deferred.First, a significant majority (59.3%) said they would need to raise wagesacross the board to keep a differential between skilled veterans and greenhornhires in less-demanding posts. That so-called ratcheting effect wouldsignificantly amplify the squeeze on margins.

Second, nearly 4 out of 5restaurants (79.3%) reported they would raise menu prices to temper the impacton margins. Other research shows that prices are already jumping at ahead-turning rate. What remains unknown is how consumers will react to thatinflation as their pent-up demand is sated and the cost of other essentials,like gasoline, continues to rise.

A majority of the respondents(51.3%) said they’re not opposed to raising the national minimum wage. But theyobject to raising it all the way to $15 an hour. Only 10.8% said they regard$15 as a fair new wage limit.

If theminimum wage was increased to $15 an hour in the markets where your restaurantsare located, which of the following actions would you expect to take?

33.2% I would eliminate the jobs

40.5% I would cut hours

59.3% I would need to raise wages, including those of hourly employeesalready earning $15 or more an hour, so called ratchet effect

11.8% I would consider closing

79.3% I would raise prices

9.4% Don’t know yet

3.2% Not applicable

Which of the statements below bestreflects your feelings about an increase in the minimum wage to $15 an hour inthe markets served by your restaurants?

10.8% It would be a non-event -- Ialready pay more than that.

4.7% I’m all for it. Increasing thewage will give consumers more money to  spend in my restaurants.

10.8% $15 an hour is a fair wage

51.3% I don’t oppose an increase in the federal minimum wage, but $15 is toohigh.

19.5%  It would kill my restaurant.

29.5% It would kill the restaurant industry.

3.2% Don’t know /not applicable.

**Source:Restaurant Business

相关内容